A Leathery Lining

Every silver lining has a cloud.

Regeneration: Every Clot Has a Thrombin Lining

Why do some amphibian organs regenerate and others do not? And why do most mammalian organs not regenerate? New work on lens regeneration indicates that the answer lies in the need for cells to dedifferentiate first, and that what makes them dedifferentiate may be the presence of thrombin in combination with cellular clotting factors.

Every cloud has a silver lining.

phamide, and Rituximab Versus FCR Alone in Subjects With Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia] study).8 If the results of this pivotal trial confirm the findings of Byrd et al,7 it will have an important influence on the treatment strategy of patients with CLL. In recent years, 4 drug combination therapies with FCR and alemtuzumab or FCR and mitoxantrone in refractory/relapsed CLL patients wer...

The pulmonary extracellular lining.

The extracellular lining of the lungs is reviewed. The pulmonary extracellular lining is a complex mixture of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates which is absolutely essential for the maintenance of normal pulmonary functions such as gas exchange. Without the lining the lungs would collapse. Alterations in the pulmonary extracellular lining may underlie some disease conditions induced by ...

A comparative study of two meta-heuristic algorithms in optimizing cost of reinforced concrete segmental lining

In this work, we tried to automatically optimize the cost of the concrete segmental lining used as a support system in the case study of Mashhad Urban Railway Line 2 located in NE Iran. Two meta-heuristic optimization methods including particle swarm optimization (PSO) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) were presented. The penalty function was used for unfeasible solutions, and the seg...